Historical Events

Slovakia

Slovak Republic 1900-2000

·1915 Cleveland Contract

·1918 Pittsburg Contract, Formation of the Czechoslovak Republic

·1919 Reconditioned activity of the Slovak Matica

·1938 Admission of Munich dictation

·1939 Decline of the Czechoslovak Republic, Declaration of the Slovak state

·1943 Christmas contract of formation of the Slovak National Council

·1944 Slovak National Uprising

·1948 Governmantal Crises-February events

·1950 Acton K&R- Abolition of male and female monasteries, Action P-Abolition of Greek-Catholic denominations and a change into orthodox Church

·1951 Political process with Slovak bishops

·1960 Victory of socialism- new constitution CSSR ( The Czechlovak socialist Republic )

·1968 Agreement about a temporary stay of Soviet soldiers on CSSR territories, constitutional law about czechoslovsak federation

·1973 Agreement about conclusion on interrelationbetween CSSR and SRN (former west germany)

·1977 Establishment of the civil motion chapter 77

·1988 Candel Demonstration on Hviezdoslav square

·1989 student demonstration in Bratizlava , Student demonstration in Prague

·1990 CSSR changed into CFSR Czechoslovak Federative Republicc

·1991 Last Soviet tanks left the CSSR territory

·1992 Declaration about the sovereignty of the Slovak Republic

·1993 Formation of the slovak republic, the Slovak republic enters UNO

·1960 Victory of socialism – new constitution – (Czechlovak socialist Republic

·1998 Flight of the first Slovak astronaut into the space

·2000 The Slovak Republic enters the OECD

Slovak Celebrities

Alexander Dubcek (1924-1994)

He has been the most human and the best known politician in Slovakia . He grew up in a poor family. He studied political studies at political university in Moscow. There he started his activities for independence of Slovakia. His works about world freedom and religious freedom made him dangerous for the soviet politicians who wanted to have Slovakia under their own control. And so the Soviets took him to the Soviet Union and put him into a prison. Then Dubeck could not do his work like before. He lost power in parliament . That way of life he lived for nearly 20yrs.

After the end of communist system in slovakia he came back into the political life. He visited lots of countries during his career and he was given honorary degrees ,doctorates and prizes from foreign associations. People with “communist feelings” did not like him and so they made him die in a car crash. He died at the age of 71. He was a personality with a “big heart and human feelings” like none before or after him.

Milan Ratislav Stefanik ( 1880- 1919)

He was a Czechoslovak politician. Slovak astronomer. Stefanik studied at university in Prague, then in Zurich where he got a universal astronomical knowledge. In Slovakia he could not find a job so he went to France. Later he became a director of observatory on the highest mountain in Europe ‑ Mont Blanc. French astronomical company awarded him Janssen medal. During his studies in Pragues he was one of the most active members of Slovak academical organization Detvan. Although he was abroad he was still interested in Slovak problems. In 1922 he accepted French nationality.

After the World War I broke up, in January 1915 he joined the French army as a pilot. He designed a plan of building a meteorogical service. At the end of 1915 he returned to Paris where he met E. Benes and T. G. Masaryk. He was of those who founded the meridian organ of Czechoslovak overseas revolt. He also contribute to the e government contract admitting the Czechoslovak national commision as an official organ. He played a very important role in formation of the Czechoslovak leagues.

In January 1919 he left Russia and after his return to Paris he arranged a meeting with French Prime Minister Clemencecau and Marshal Foch that the Czechoslovak leagues returned to the mother country. From Paris he went to Rome arranged a constriction of the Italian army mission from the Czechoslovak Republic . Before the World War I he was last time in Slovakia at the funeral of his father. The next return to his mother country was fatal for him. His plane crashed in 1919 near Vajno a ort where he should have landed. His crain is a work of architect D. Jurkovic.

Tomas Garigue Masaryk (1850-1937)

He was the first president of Czechoslovakia. In his childhood he was a poor boy. He studied a Kopcany primary schoolthen he continued his studies in Vienna where he graduated in 1872. His life was colourful. After studying in Venna University he took a part time job for their better lives in Slovakia. Beginning with his political career he founded the magazine “ Time”. It is known that Masaryk was not very popular but a truthful person. This fact is mentioned in his most famous books:” Czech Question” “Russia and Europe” and “ Social Question”. In 1914 he emigrated to western Europe.

There he was head of the Czechlovak national group in Paris . At the end of world war 1 he made a declaration of independence of the Czechlovak Republic. Then the National assembly made him the president of Czechlovakia. He died at the age of 87.

Vladimir Remek

He was the first Czechlovak cosmonaut in space. He was born in the Czech Republic. He studied at military school because he wanted to fly . Vladimir finished Gagarin military academy. Before he set off # his journey into space he went through a difficult preparation. He flew into space with his partner Alexej Gubarev on the 2^nd March 1978 They spent 7 days and 22 hours and 7 mins.

Elan

Elan is our most famous pop-group. The group has five members: Jozo Raz( Singer Vocalist,Bass guitar) Jan Balaz ( electric and acoustis guitar)

Singer JOZO RAZ is very important. They won the annual competition called the Golden Nightingale (already 3 times).They have performed for 20yrs. Their music is listened to by not only the young people but the older people aswell.

Their songs reflect their feelings: happiness love frustration and sadness . But each song encourages. Most popular songs are “We are not bad”, “Nurse from Kranmare” “Street” OR “queen of white trainers” These songs are played at weddings etc.

Jozo Raz had accident 6 mths ago. His motorbike crashed. He stayed in hospital for a very long time. Everyone thought that he would not survive. But now he is healthy and he still sings . He is going to bring out a new album.

Science

At the beginning of the 20^th century there were not suitable conditions for scientists, so many of them were forced to leave. Mostly they were successful abroad and their discoveries a worth admiration.

Here are three of them

Josef Murgas ( 1864-1929)

·a priest, good at painting

·left slovakia for the usa where he worked as a vicar in wikes Barre in Penyslvania

·Dealt with radiotelegraphy although he was merely an amateur

·Invented the “ wireless Telegraph Aparatus”

·Except this one , he introduced 12 other inventions , which were important for solving a lot of problems about radioteltgraphy

·Remained Slovak all his life , gave support to the first czechslovak Republic

Stefan Banic 1871-1940

·Came from a poor family

·His second home the usa

·A worker in Greenville in Pennsylvania invented a parachute which rescued hundreds of human lives ( American army used his parachute in WWI

·He never became rich

·Returned to slovakia ,where he died.

Aurel Stodola

·Studied technical studies in Budapest ,Paris and Zurich.

·Was a professor at a university inZurich where he lived most of his life

·A great deal of his discoveries in the area of gas turbines were very useful for science all over the world.

·Was called the “father of the gas turbine”

·Remained patriotic to the end of his life.

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